根據聯合國專門機構國際海事組織（#IMO）最新規則，將對船舶所產生的碳排放向航運商開徵費用。
4月11日舉行的IMO會議上，儘管沙烏地阿拉伯、俄羅斯、阿聯酋及其他數個石油出口國反對，多數國家還是通過 #碳定價 決議，決議從2027年生效，所有船舶必須在2028年起，為其碳排放付費。
當船舶溫室氣體強度目標值（GHG fuel intensity, GFI）超過年度目標，每一公噸溫室氣體徵收至少 100美元的最低費用；當排放超過一定門檻收費會再提高，也允許船舶之間進行 #碳權交易，這是全球首個針對溫室氣體排放的國際碳定價，希望藉此鼓勵航運公司改用低碳燃料，以及提升營運效率。
IMO估算開徵後每年可產生 110億至130億美元的收入，資金將投入「淨零基金（net zero fund）」，用於投資綠色航運所需的燃料與技術、獎勵低排放船舶，並協助開發中國家避免繼續使用高污染燃料與老舊船舶。
過去在拜登政府期間，美國支持IMO的碳定價政策；然而在川普執政下，美國宣布退出此次會議，認為加徵碳費會增加經濟負擔、促進通貨膨脹，不只鼓勵其他國家仿效退出，並揚言若對美國船舶收取任何費用，不排除採取「對等措施」，但關於措施的細節目前尚不明朗。
即使在美國不參與的情況下，其他會員國還是通過決議，包含歐盟、中國和日本。根據商業航運顧問公司Umas估計，到2030年，碳定價只能減少約 8% 碳排放，低於IMO設下的20%目標。儘管有些國家認為定價過低無法有效減排，IMO表示能達成協議，設下碳定價機制仍是一大進步。此外，碳定價也有望刺激航運業改採生質燃料、綠氨等低碳燃料。
Shipping companies will have to pay for the carbon dioxide produced by their vessels for the first time under new rules agreed by UN shipping agency, the International Maritime Organisation ( #IMO).
Saudi Arabia, Russia, United Arab Emirates and several other petrostates opposed the rules, but a majority of countries meeting at the IMO on Apr 11 approved a compromise deal that is set to take effect in 2027, which will mean all ships must pay for the CO2 they emit from 2028.
A minimum fee of $100 will be imposed for every ton of greenhouse gases emitted by ships above certain thresholds. Vessels will be subject to a charge on their greenhouse gas emissions, increasing after a certain threshold, and will also be able to trade #carboncredits with one another. This is the first global #carbonpricing on greenhouse gas emissions. This is intended to encourage them to adapt their ships to use low-CO2 fuels and to operate more efficiently.
The IMO estimates $11 billion to $13 billion in revenue annually from the fees, with the money to be put into its net zero fund to invest in fuels and technologies needed to transition to green shipping, reward low-emission ships and support developing countries so they aren’t left behind with dirty fuels and old ships.
#IMO #carboncredit #carbonpricing
資料來源:
https://time.com/7276725/meeting-on-shipping-emissions-could-prompt-world-first-global-carbon-tax/
International Climate Development Institute 