#歐盟 正在討論是否允許跨國合作取得 #國際碳權，以達成2040年減碳目標，然而此開放可能會削弱對歐盟自身的減排要求。
歐盟當前的目標是2030年前減碳55%，歐盟執委會在2024年建議設定2040年90%的減碳目標，相關立法由下一屆執委會提出。然而執委會並未如期在3月公布《 #歐盟氣候法》（EU Climate Law）的修正草案，以及制訂2040年目標。其中部分代表反對制定2040年減排90%的目標，反彈主要來自氣候變遷與國防安全的優先排序，還有當前美國關稅戰的衝擊，再加上過高的目標可能會傷害本土產業。但若降低2040年減碳目標，後續恐影響歐盟2050年淨零碳排目標的達成。
根據消息人士指出，歐盟執委會正在評估的選項：一是調降2040年90%的減排目標，或是允許各國購買國際碳權來彌補其餘部分。代表歐盟國家可以購買國外減排計畫所產生的碳權，例如巴西的復林項目，並將減少的碳排放計入歐盟的目標。
有些國家正在發展由聯合國主導的國際碳權市場，支持者認為，可以替發展中國家提供資金進行減碳。反對者則表示，碳權醜聞四起，可能無法達成氣候目標。歐盟曾經在2013年禁止國際碳權納入其碳市場，背後原因即是大量廉價碳權導致歐盟的碳價格下跌。
在我國，碳費子法已於2024年8月公告，允許企業使用國外碳權進行抵減，上限為5%。有工商團體認為5%比例過低，也有環保團體表示為避免轉嫁減碳責任，應在碳費費率調升到一定水準後再開放。
美國川普總統上任後旋即宣布退出《巴黎協議》及公正能源轉型夥伴關係（JETP），目前JETP計劃領導權已交給德國和日本。雖然歐盟主席馮德萊恩在美國退出後重申將繼續推動達成氣候目標，但美國在國際氣候行動的缺口，可能影響各國的減碳承諾，以及加重歐盟國家所承擔的成本，進一步引發歐盟內部國家的反彈。
The #EU is considering counting #InternationalCarbonCredits towards its next climate target, a move that could weaken the CO2-cutting efforts it demands from domestic industries.
The EU has set a target to decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030. The European Commission recommended reducing the EU’s net greenhouse gas emissions by 90% by 2040 in 2024. The amendment be proposed by the next commission. But the Commission missed a deadline to publish the amendment of #EUClimateLaw and the goal last month, and is facing political pushback against the EU’s green agenda, as climate change competes with other political priorities including defense. Some governments and lawmakers also argue EU green rules are hurting domestic industries reeling from U.S. tariffs and cheap imports.
Sources familiar with the discussions said the Commission is assessing options including setting a 2040 emissions-cutting target for domestic industries which is lower than 90%, and letting countries buy international carbon credits to make up the rest. That would mean EU countries could buy credits from projects that reduce CO2 emissions abroad – for example, forest restoration in Brazil – and count those emission reductions towards the EU goal.
Countries have been developing a U.N.-backed global market to trade carbon credits – seen by proponents as a way to fund CO2-cutting projects in developing nations. However, CO2 credits have faced multiple scandals, where credit-generating projects were found to not be delivering the climate benefits they claimed. The EU banned international credits from its carbon market in 2013, after a flood of cheap credits contributed to a drop in the EU’s carbon price.
#EU #InternationalCarbonCredit #EUClimateLaw
資料來源:
International Climate Development Institute 